（文(wen)章(zhang)來源：青島日報）

　　數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)是數(shu)字經濟時(shi)代的“石(shi)油”，儲存海(hai)量(liang)信(xin)息的公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)是一(yi)座“富礦(kuang)”。2022年(nian)10月28日，青(qing)島“試水”公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)運營(ying)(ying)，發布(bu)實(shi)施《青(qing)島市公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)運營(ying)(ying)試點突破攻堅方案(an)》，引(yin)發廣泛關注。

　　什么(me)是公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)？它跟(gen)政務數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)有區別嗎？公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)涵蓋范圍更廣，不僅(jin)包(bao)括政務數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，還包(bao)括很(hen)多行業平臺、互聯網平臺等(deng)(deng)在提(ti)供公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服務過程中收集(ji)、產生的涉(she)及公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利益(yi)的各類數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)。比如，在水電(dian)煤氣、交通等(deng)(deng)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服務中制作或獲(huo)取的信息記錄，就屬于(yu)(yu)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)。將公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)開放出(chu)來，供社會(hui)開發(fa)利用，有利于(yu)(yu)釋放數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)能量，激發(fa)創新活(huo)力，為(wei)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)賦能，為(wei)社會(hui)治理(li)增效，這是當前的共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)。2020年國務院《政府工作報(bao)告》首(shou)次(ci)提(ti)到(dao)“培(pei)育(yu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)市場”。2021年，國家“十四五”規劃綱(gang)要指出(chu)，加強公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)開放共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享，開展(zhan)政府數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)授權(quan)運營(ying)試點。山東(dong)省也發(fa)出(chu)通知，探索公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)授權(quan)運營(ying)、有償使用等(deng)(deng)新模(mo)式(shi)。

　　讓公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)“活”起來，要(yao)保障數(shu)(shu)據(ju)的供給和(he)開發，更好服務社會民生。從全(quan)國來看，“體(ti)制機制不(bu)夠(gou)健(jian)全(quan)”“創新應用能力不(bu)強”“數(shu)(shu)據(ju)壁壘依(yi)然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)”等問(wen)題一直是公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)開放和(he)運營(ying)(ying)的“攔路虎”。這些因(yin)素也導致，明(ming)明(ming)守著一座“富(fu)礦(kuang)”，卻(que)難以充分挖掘。不(bu)過，在(zai)(zai)公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)運營(ying)(ying)方面(mian)(mian)，青(qing)島(dao)已在(zai)(zai)很多方面(mian)(mian)走在(zai)(zai)了前頭(tou)。早在(zai)(zai)2012年(nian)，青(qing)島(dao)就(jiu)率先在(zai)(zai)山東(dong)省開展(zhan)公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)匯聚、共(gong)(gong)享和(he)開放工作(zuo)。2020年(nian)12月，青(qing)島(dao)上線并(bing)演示了全(quan)國首個公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)服務平臺，并(bing)發布(bu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)及應用場(chang)(chang)景供需清單。2022年(nian)8月，青(qing)島(dao)正式啟(qi)動公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)運營(ying)(ying)試點工作(zuo)。近(jin)年(nian)來，青(qing)島(dao)在(zai)(zai)金融、商貿、交通、醫療等領(ling)域建(jian)設應用場(chang)(chang)景，推動公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)與各行業(ye)(ye)相融合(he)，收(shou)到(dao)了明(ming)顯成效。比如(ru)，過去金融機構(gou)審批小微企業(ye)(ye)貸款，需要(yao)耗(hao)時耗(hao)力去核查企業(ye)(ye)信息，還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)不(bu)準確等問(wen)題。而在(zai)(zai)公共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)平臺上線后，借助“城市云腦”的大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)處理(li)能力，小微企業(ye)(ye)最(zui)快15分鐘就(jiu)能收(shou)到(dao)貸款。

　　讓(rang)公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)“活(huo)”起來(lai)，還(huan)要加(jia)強數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)安全(quan)，優化(hua)市場(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)。如今，我(wo)們(men)已(yi)在(zai)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)領域(yu)感受(shou)到大(da)(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)所(suo)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)便利。在(zai)公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)營之后，各類數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)將進一(yi)步整(zheng)合(he)，帶來(lai)更大(da)(da)(da)便利，也可能埋下更多(duo)(duo)隱(yin)患。很多(duo)(duo)人已(yi)體驗過“大(da)(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)殺熟”，假如不能保護(hu)好個(ge)人隱(yin)私，公(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)就(jiu)可能徹底淪為(wei)“透明人”。所(suo)以(yi)，公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)開放必須做好脫敏處(chu)理(li)，成(cheng)為(wei)更安全(quan)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)產品與服務后，再釋放給社會。公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)營還(huan)是一(yi)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統，就(jiu)像(xiang)一(yi)片“數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林”，所(suo)有利益相關(guan)者(zhe)，將共同決定這個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統的(de)(de)未(wei)來(lai)，必須立好規(gui)矩(ju)。目前，上海、浙江等多(duo)(duo)地已(yi)圍繞公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)開放進行了立法。此次，青島也在(zai)《青島市公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)營試點突破(po)攻堅方(fang)案》中明確提(ti)到，“探索(suo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)立法，規(gui)范公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集、管(guan)理(li)與應用等工作”。另外(wai)，在(zai)日常(chang)工作中，也要讓(rang)相關(guan)部門有足夠的(de)(de)壓力和動(dong)力，來(lai)推進公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)開放和運(yun)(yun)營，以(yi)確保高效(xiao)和安全(quan)可控(kong)。

　　公共數據運營試點是一(yi)(yi)項突破性(xing)、創新性(xing)工作，既要(yao)按下“快(kuai)進鍵”，也要(yao)系好(hao)“安全帶”。我們有理由相信(xin)，不(bu)斷深化改革、先行先試的(de)青(qing)島，有能力進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)釋放數據生產力潛(qian)能，走出一(yi)(yi)條獨具特(te)色的(de)數據市場發(fa)展(zhan)之(zhi)路(lu)。